/* ==========================================================================
   Writing — essay index + reprint pages
   Loaded only on /writing/ pages, on top of style.css.
   All colour and spacing comes from the :root tokens in style.css.
   Layout follows the article-briefing reference: a narrow metadata rail
   beside a wide measure, with a sticky contents list while you read.
   ========================================================================== */

.container--essay {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 1240px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 var(--space-md);
}

/* ------------------------------------------------------------ index ---- */

.writing-index__header {
  padding: var(--space-xl) 0 var(--space-lg);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-rule);
  margin-bottom: var(--space-lg);
}

.writing-index__header h1 {
  max-width: 16ch;
  margin-bottom: var(--space-md);
}

.writing-index__lede {
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.5;
  max-width: 62ch;
  color: var(--color-text);
}

.writing-list {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0 0 var(--space-xl);
  padding: 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--color-rule);
}

.writing-list__item { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-rule); }

.writing-list__link {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 4rem 1fr;
  gap: var(--space-md);
  align-items: baseline;
  padding: var(--space-md) var(--space-sm);
  margin: 0 calc(var(--space-sm) * -1);
  border: none;
  color: inherit;
  transition: background-color 0.25s var(--ease-out-quart);
}

.writing-list__link:hover,
.writing-list__link:focus-visible { background: var(--color-bg-alt); }

.writing-list__num {
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  color: var(--color-text-light);
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

.writing-list__link:hover .writing-list__num { color: var(--color-signal); }

.writing-list__main { display: block; }

.writing-list__meta {
  display: block;
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--color-accent);
  margin-bottom: var(--space-xs);
}

.writing-list__title {
  display: block;
  font-size: clamp(1.25rem, 2.4vw, 1.6rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.2;
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
  text-wrap: balance;
  margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
}

.writing-list__standfirst {
  display: block;
  color: var(--color-text-light);
  line-height: 1.55;
  max-width: 68ch;
}

/* ------------------------------------------------------- essay header -- */

.essay__header {
  padding: var(--space-xl) 0 var(--space-lg);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-rule);
  margin-bottom: var(--space-lg);
}

.essay__header-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 180px) minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: clamp(1.5rem, 4vw, 3rem);
  align-items: end;
}

.essay__meta {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.35rem;
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--color-accent);
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

.essay__meta span:first-child { color: var(--color-signal); }

.essay__title {
  font-size: clamp(2rem, 4.6vw, 3.25rem);
  line-height: 1.06;
  letter-spacing: -0.025em;
  text-wrap: pretty;
  margin-bottom: var(--space-sm);
}

.essay__standfirst {
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.5;
  max-width: 54ch;
  color: var(--color-text);
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------- essay body -- */

.essay__body-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 150px) minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: clamp(1.5rem, 3.5vw, 3rem);
  align-items: start;
}

/* style.css gives every <section> 6rem of vertical padding, which is right
   for homepage bands and far too much between the parts of one essay. */
.essay__section { padding: 0; }

/* Each section is its own two-column unit: prose, then a margin gutter.
   With the contents rail that reads as three columns, which is what stops a
   2,500-word essay presenting as a wall. */
.essay__section,
.essay__intro {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 215px);
  gap: clamp(1.5rem, 3vw, 2.75rem);
  align-items: start;
}

.essay__intro { margin-bottom: var(--space-md); }

.essay__section-head {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 2.5rem 1fr;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: var(--space-xs);
  margin-top: 2.4em;
  padding-top: 1.3em;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--color-rule);
  scroll-margin-top: 6rem;   /* fixed nav */
}

.essay__section-num {
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  color: var(--color-text-light);
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

.essay__section-head h2 {
  font-size: clamp(1.35rem, 2.6vw, 1.75rem);
  line-height: 1.22;
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
  text-wrap: balance;
  margin: 0;
}

.essay__section-main > .essay__prose { margin-top: 1.35em; }

/* ---- margin gutter ---- */

.essay__margin {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: var(--space-md);
  padding-top: 4em;            /* no-JS fallback; writing.js measures the real offset */
}

.essay__breakout { border-left: 2px solid var(--color-signal); padding-left: var(--space-sm); }

.essay__breakout .eyebrow { margin-bottom: 0.4rem; }

.essay__pullquote {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  line-height: 1.45;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--color-text);
  margin: 0;
  text-wrap: pretty;
}

.essay__breakout--stat { border-left-color: var(--color-rule); }

.essay__stat-value {
  display: block;
  font-size: 1.9rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  color: var(--color-signal);
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
  margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
}

.essay__stat-note {
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  line-height: 1.45;
  color: var(--color-text-light);
  margin: 0;
}

.essay__rail {
  position: relative;
  /* The grid is align-items:start so prose and gutter sit at the top. The
     rail is the exception: it has to fill the row or the sticky child has
     no distance to travel and never moves. */
  align-self: stretch;
}

.essay__rail-inner {
  position: sticky;
  top: 5.5rem;              /* clears the fixed site nav */
  max-height: calc(100vh - 7rem);
  overflow-y: auto;
  scrollbar-width: none;
  padding-right: var(--space-sm);
}

.essay__toc {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0 0 var(--space-md);
  padding: 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.7rem;
}

.essay__toc a {
  display: block;
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  line-height: 1.4;
  color: var(--color-text-light);
  padding-left: 0.75rem;
  border: none;
  border-left: 2px solid var(--color-rule);
  transition: color 0.2s var(--ease-out-quart), border-color 0.2s var(--ease-out-quart);
}

.essay__toc a:hover,
.essay__toc a:focus-visible {
  color: var(--color-text);
  border-left-color: var(--color-signal);
}

.essay__origin {
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--color-signal);
  border: none;
}

/* Reprinted prose. Deliberately plain — the writing carries it. */

.essay__prose {
  max-width: 68ch;
  font-size: 1.0625rem;
  line-height: 1.72;
}

.essay__prose > * + * { margin-top: 1.35em; }

.essay__prose h3 {
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-top: 2em;
  scroll-margin-top: 6rem;
}

.essay__prose a { color: var(--color-signal); }

.essay__prose strong { font-weight: 700; }

.essay__prose blockquote {
  margin-left: 0;
  margin-right: 0;
  padding: 0.2em 0 0.2em 1.4em;
  border-left: 3px solid var(--color-signal);
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--color-text);
}

.essay__prose blockquote p { margin: 0; }
.essay__prose blockquote p + p { margin-top: 0.8em; }

.essay__prose ul,
.essay__prose ol { padding-left: 1.3em; }
.essay__prose li + li { margin-top: 0.5em; }
.essay__prose li::marker { color: var(--color-accent); }

.essay__prose img,
.essay__prose figure img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  border: 1px solid var(--color-rule);
}

.essay__prose figure { margin: 2em 0; }

.essay__prose figcaption {
  margin-top: var(--space-xs);
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  color: var(--color-accent);
  text-align: center;
}

.essay__prose hr {
  border: none;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--color-rule);
  margin: 2.4em auto;
  width: 40%;
}

.essay__prose pre {
  overflow-x: auto;
  padding: var(--space-sm);
  background: var(--color-bg-alt);
  border: 1px solid var(--color-rule);
  font-size: 0.875rem;
}

/* -------------------------------------------------- footers + between -- */

.essay__origin-note {
  margin: var(--space-lg) 0 0;
  padding-top: var(--space-md);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--color-rule);
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  color: var(--color-text-light);
}

.essay__nav {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: var(--space-md);
  margin: var(--space-lg) 0;
  padding-top: var(--space-md);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--color-rule);
}

.essay__nav-link {
  display: block;
  border: none;
  color: var(--color-text);
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.35;
  max-width: 34ch;
}

.essay__nav-link span {
  display: block;
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--color-accent);
  margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
}

.essay__nav-link:hover { color: var(--color-signal); }
.essay__nav-link--next { text-align: right; margin-left: auto; }

.essay__cta {
  margin: var(--space-lg) 0 var(--space-xl);
  padding: var(--space-lg) 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--color-rule);
  text-align: center;
}

.essay__cta p {
  font-size: clamp(1.3rem, 2.5vw, 1.8rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  max-width: 24ch;
  margin: 0 auto var(--space-md);
}

/* ---- mid width: keep the contents rail, fold the gutter into the flow ----
   Three columns below ~1100px squeezes the prose measure to something you
   can't actually read. The notes stay, as callouts between the heading and
   the text, which is where they'd sit in print anyway. */

@media (max-width: 1099px) {
  .essay__section,
  .essay__intro { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }

  .essay__margin {
    order: -1;
    padding-top: 0;
    margin: var(--space-sm) 0 0;
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(220px, 1fr));
    gap: var(--space-md);
  }

  .essay__breakout { padding: 0.15rem 0 0.15rem var(--space-sm); }

  .essay__section-main > .essay__prose { margin-top: 1.6em; }
}

/* ------------------------------------------------------------ mobile --- */

@media (max-width: 860px) {
  .essay__header-grid,
  .essay__body-grid,
  .essay__section,
  .essay__intro { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }

  /* The gutter becomes an inline breakout above the prose rather than a
     column — margin notes have no margin to sit in on a phone. */
  .essay__margin {
    padding-top: 0;
    order: -1;
    gap: var(--space-sm);
    margin-top: var(--space-sm);
  }

  .essay__section-head { margin-top: 2em; }

  .essay__meta {
    flex-direction: row;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0.5rem 1rem;
    margin-bottom: var(--space-sm);
  }

  /* The contents rail becomes a collapsed block above the prose rather
     than a sticky column — sticky in a single column just eats the screen. */
  .essay__rail-inner { position: static; padding-right: 0; }

  .essay__rail {
    padding-bottom: var(--space-md);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-md);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-rule);
  }

  .writing-list__link { grid-template-columns: 2.5rem 1fr; gap: var(--space-sm); }

  .essay__nav { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .essay__nav-link--next { text-align: left; margin-left: 0; }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .writing-list__link,
  .essay__toc a { transition: none; }
}

/* Numbered contents entries — headings in these essays are sentences, so the
   rail carries a clipped label above its section number. */
.essay__toc a span {
  display: block;
  font-size: 0.6875rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  color: var(--color-text-light);
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
  margin-bottom: 0.15rem;
}

.essay__toc a:hover span { color: var(--color-signal); }

/* Authored margin note — reads as commentary, distinct from a lifted quote. */
.essay__note {
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
  color: var(--color-text-light);
  margin: 0;
  text-wrap: pretty;
}

/* ---- contents rail: current section, and the takeaway ---- */

.essay__toc a.is-current {
  color: var(--color-text);
  font-weight: 600;
  border-left-color: var(--color-text);
}

.essay__rail-inner::-webkit-scrollbar { width: 0; height: 0; }

.essay__takeaway {
  margin-top: var(--space-md);
  padding-top: var(--space-md);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--color-rule);
}

.essay__takeaway p {
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
  color: var(--color-text-light);
  margin: 0;
  text-wrap: pretty;
}

/* ---- data bars ----
   The reference sets these as full-width rows under the section text: label,
   track, figure. Same structure, this site's palette — hunter green fill on
   the rule colour, Inter rather than a display serif for the figure. */

.databar-set {
  margin: 1.8em 0 0.4em;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--color-rule);
}

.databar {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr auto;
  grid-template-areas: "label value" "track value";
  align-items: center;
  column-gap: var(--space-md);
  padding: var(--space-sm) 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-rule);
}

.databar__label {
  grid-area: label;
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--color-text-light);
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.databar__track {
  grid-area: track;
  position: relative;
  height: 6px;
  background: var(--color-rule);
}

.databar__track span {
  display: block;
  height: 100%;
  background: var(--color-signal);
}

.databar__value {
  grid-area: value;
  font-size: 1.75rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  color: var(--color-text);
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
  text-align: right;
}

.databar-set__caption {
  margin: var(--space-sm) 0 0;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  color: var(--color-text-light);
}

@media (max-width: 860px) {
  .databar__value { font-size: 1.35rem; }
  .essay__rail-inner { max-height: none; overflow: visible; }
}

/* Chart title, for sections carrying more than one comparison. */
.databar-set__title {
  margin: 0 0 var(--space-xs);
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--color-text);
}

.databar-set + .databar-set { margin-top: var(--space-md); }